Formula reference

String functions

Basic string operations

• Length - Returns the number of characters in a string

  • Syntax: length(column)

  • Example: length('Hello') returns 5

• Concatenation - Combines two or more strings

  • Syntax: concat(column1, column2)

  • Example: concat('Hello', ' World') returns 'Hello World'

Case manipulation

• Lower Case - Converts string to lowercase

  • Syntax: lower(column)

  • Example: lower('HELLO') returns 'hello'

• Upper Case - Converts string to uppercase

  • Syntax: upper(column)

  • Example: upper('hello') returns 'HELLO'

• Proper Case - Capitalizes first letter of each word

  • Syntax: initcap(column)

  • Example: initcap('hello world') returns 'Hello World'

String trimming

• Left Trim - Removes leading spaces

  • Syntax: ltrim(column)

  • Example: ltrim(' Hello') returns 'Hello'

• Right Trim - Removes trailing spaces

  • Syntax: rtrim(column)

  • Example: rtrim('Hello ') returns 'Hello'

• Pattern trimming

  • Leading: trim(leading 'pattern' from column)

    • Example: trim(leading 'H' from 'Hello') returns 'ello'

  • Trailing: trim(trailing 'pattern' from column)

    • Example: trim(trailing 'o' from 'Hello') returns 'Hell'

  • Both Sides: trim(both 'pattern' from column)

    • Example: trim(both 'H' from 'HelloH') returns 'ello'

String extraction

• Substring - Extracts parts of a string

  • Left: LEFT(column, integer)

    • Example: LEFT('Hello', 2) returns 'He'

  • Right: RIGHT(column, integer)

    • Example: RIGHT('Hello', 2) returns 'lo'

• Split String - Splits string by delimiter and returns specified part

  • Syntax: split_part(string, delimiter, token)

  • Example: split_part('apple,banana,cherry', ',', 2) returns 'banana'

Mathematical functions

Basic operations

• Round - Rounds number to specified decimal places

  • Syntax: round(column, decimals)

  • Example: round(123.456, 2) returns 123.46

• Basic Arithmetic - Standard mathematical operators

  • Operators: + - * / %

  • Example: 10 + 5 returns 15

Advanced mathematics

• Absolute Value - Returns positive value

  • Syntax: abs(column)

  • Example: abs(-10) returns 10

• Square Root - Calculates square root

  • Syntax: sqrt(column)

  • Example: sqrt(16) returns 4

• Modulus - Returns remainder of division

  • Syntax: Mod(column1, column2)

  • Example: mod(10, 3) returns 1

• Ceiling and Floor

  • Ceiling: ceil(column)

    • Example: ceil(4.2) returns 5

  • Floor: floor(column)

    • Example: floor(4.8) returns 4

• Pi Function - Returns value of π

  • Syntax: pi()

  • Example: pi() returns 3.141593

Date and time functions

• Current Date/Time - Returns current timestamp

  • Syntax: current_timestamp

  • Example: current_timestamp returns '2025-01-31 12:34:56'

• Date Truncation - Truncates date to specified unit

  • Syntax: date_trunc('unit', column)

  • Example: date_trunc('year', '2025-01-31') returns '2025-01-01'

• Date Addition - Adds days to date

  • Syntax: date_add(datecolumn, days)

  • Example: date_add('2025-01-31', 5) returns '2025-02-05'

• Date Difference - Calculates difference between dates

  • Syntax: datediff('unit', date1, date2)

  • Example: datediff('MONTH', '2025-01-31', '2025-03-31') returns 2

Conditional functions

• Coalesce - Returns first non-null value

  • Syntax: coalesce(column, default_value)

  • Example: coalesce(NULL, 'default') returns 'default'

• Null Check - Tests if value is null

  • Syntax: isnull(input_value)

  • Example: isnull(NULL) returns TRUE